{"id":3578,"date":"2025-04-24T19:54:34","date_gmt":"2025-04-24T12:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/?p=3578"},"modified":"2025-04-25T00:26:01","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T17:26:01","slug":"louis-kahn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/2025\/04\/24\/louis-kahn\/","title":{"rendered":"Louis Kahn"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/louis_kahn.jpg?w=911\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-521 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <em>&#8220;Ni\u1ec1m h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c. N\u00f3 x\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y xoay v\u1ea7n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt&#8221;&nbsp;<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Louis Kahn (20\/2\/1901 &#8211; 17\/3\/1974) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ed5. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50. Cho d\u00f9 \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 73, nh\u01b0ng trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 Kahn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Le Corbusier v\u00e0 Mies van der Rohe.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Louis Kahn, c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ed1c l\u00e0 Itze-Leib (Leiser-Itze) Schmuilowsky (Schmalowski), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Do Th\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o \u1edf P\u00e4rnu, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Estonia. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Kuressaare tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Saaremaa, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Livonia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Nga. Khi \u00f4ng 3 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y than trong b\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ecb quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 b\u1edfi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean than . \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u00ean than trong chi\u1ebfc t\u1ea1p d\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1ebft b\u1ecfng l\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng mang nh\u1eefng v\u1ebft s\u1eb9o n\u00e0y trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e3ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1906, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u00f4ng di c\u01b0 sang Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00ec h\u1ecd lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng cha \u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb g\u1ecdi v\u00e0o qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh Nga-Nh\u1eadt. N\u0103m sinh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. Theo b\u1ed9 phim t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u0103m 2003 c\u1ee7a con trai \u00f4ng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n mua b\u00fat ch\u00ec. H\u1ecd t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng thanh than c\u1ee7i t\u1eeb c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 Louis c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c v\u1ebd tranh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i piano cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phim c\u00e2m trong r\u1ea1p. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1914. Cha \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Kahn n\u0103m 1915.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/csm_06_louis_kahn_portrait.crop1024x1024_03_0d1950a0a8.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-523 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"> <em>&#8221; Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 &#8230; n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3&#8221;&nbsp;<\/em> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kahn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, sao ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania (Penn U.). Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh C\u1eed nh\u00e2n Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924, Kahn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec5n h\u1ecda ch\u00ednh trong v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, John Molitor. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho 1926 Sesquicentennial Exposition.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1928, Kahn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tour di\u1ec5n ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Carcassonne t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng bao quanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Scotland, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n hay hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1929, Kahn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Paul Philippe Cret, nh\u00e0 c\u1ef1u ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh studio c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi Zantzinger, Borie v\u00e0 Medary \u1edf Philadelphia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1932, Kahn v\u00e0 Dominique Berninger th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Kahn \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 \u00e1n cho nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho C\u01a1 Quan H\u00e0nh Ch\u00ednh C\u00f4ng C\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1i Suy tho\u00e1i.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec3m trong Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Kahn l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cT\u00f2a nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec? \u201c (What does the building want to be?). \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cm\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa h\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa h\u1ed3ng\u201d (A rose wants to be a rose), v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201c\u00fd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n\u201d (Existence will), \u00dd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt (Existence will determiness the very nature of things).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kahn nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 khi l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u201c\u0110\u01b0a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201c\u00fd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i m\u00ecnh \u0111ang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Louis Kahn cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u201d (All Building is not Architecture). B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh. Theo Kahn, \u201cT\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng cho Th\u1ea7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kahn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cNgh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nhu c\u1ea7u k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 vui ch\u01a1i s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i. Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac l\u00e0 linh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1i t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kahn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Kahn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd: \u201cTo design Spaces to design Light\u201d \u2013 \u201cThi\u1ebft k\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng gian (kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng) \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00ean \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u201d. \u00d4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, cho r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o cho ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a Louis Kahn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c Authur Schopenhaur (1788-1860) v\u00e0 E.Husserl (1859-1938). Hai \u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u201cV\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u201d, \u201c\u00dd ch\u00ed sinh t\u1ed3n\u201d v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn ra \u201cHi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201ctr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu Le Corbusier coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng th\u00ec Kahn coi tr\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng Kahn kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u201ctri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u00fd ch\u00ed\u201d v\u00e0 \u201ctri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ecdc\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kahn m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. Do ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e0 thi tri\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>National Assembly Building of Bangladesh<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/louis_kahn-1.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-524 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i theo phong c\u00e1ch  truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c khung c\u1ea3nh, sao cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 khung c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Bangladesh c\u1ee7a Kahn t\u1ea1i Dhaka l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac mang ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Bangali. T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1982, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Kahn, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Bangladesh.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-1.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-525 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio.jpg?w=750\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-526 lazyload\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Louis Kahn l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc; t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch xa c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u0169. T\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a n\u00f3,v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Bangali ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. Kahn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu sa m\u1ea1c kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-2.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-527 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cB\u00ean trong t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 mang l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1edbi m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. C\u00e1c c\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3ng khung kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u1ee9ng c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 cho \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ri\u00eang b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t r\u1eafn m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. \u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; Louis Kahn&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"529\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.wordpress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stringio-6.jpg?w=666\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-529 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-id=\"528\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.wordpress.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/stringio-3.jpg?w=666\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-528 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n<figcaption class=\"blocks-gallery-caption wp-element-caption\"> \u201cGreek architecture taught me that the column is where the light is not, and the space between is where the light is. It is a matter of no-light, light, no-light, light. A column and a column brings light between them. To make a column which grows out of the wall and which makes its own rhythm of no-light, light, no-light, light: that is the marvel of the artist.\u201d&nbsp; <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Exeter Library&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-9.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-552 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1965 Louis I. Kahn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7y nhi\u1ec7m b\u1edfi H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Phillips Exeter \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi trong m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u00e0 studio \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t. H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mong mu\u1ed1n: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea1ch ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng Georgia v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Kahn trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay \u00f4ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-10.jpg?w=665\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-553 lazyload\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-14.jpg?w=864\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-554 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng 111&#8217;x111 t\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t v\u00e0 leo l\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7u thang b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t. B\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00ean t\u1ea7ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a khu h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn, b\u00e0n l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n x\u1ebfp s\u00e1ch. Kahn nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd v\u00e0o.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi Qu\u1ea7y l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh ( khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1ee3n, tr\u1ea3, gia h\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch) tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng hai thay v\u00ec t\u1ea7ng tr\u1ec7t, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n an ninh. H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 th\u01b0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u1ec7 s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-17.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-555 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Exeter danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ea7ng ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 70 feet chi\u1ec1u cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i v\u00f2m \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng gian n\u00e0y v\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh l\u1edbn \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y 50 feet vu\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng gian du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n k\u1ec7 s\u00e1ch kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ed7 l\u1edbn th\u1ee7ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c g\u00f3c n\u01a1i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-18.jpg?w=701\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-556 lazyload\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-19.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-557 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 thu h\u00fat sinh vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed n\u1eefa, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i y\u00ean t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp &#8230; Nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m t\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n v\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed \u00f3c v\u00e0 b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. &#8221;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Salk Institute&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/stringio-22.jpg?w=850\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-559 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1959, Jonas Salk, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eafc xin b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Louis I. Kahn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 La Jolla, California \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho \u00f4ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 tranh v\u1ebd d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01a1i Salk d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh h\u1ecdc. Salk, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u1eafc-xin \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho c\u01a1 s\u1edf m\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc cho ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh: \u201ct\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1n d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Picasso.\u201d K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Salk, m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i cho c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/0x8c0017_8_9_tonemapped_p-_720x480_72_rgb.jpg?w=720\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-560 lazyload\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a Kahn cho Vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng gian theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n: m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. Ba khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng ra bi\u1ec3n \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y: Nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdp, L\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. Nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, trong khi L\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cung c\u1ea5p khu nh\u00e0 \u1edf; m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh song song v\u1edbi n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 L\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1eaft kh\u1ecfi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/main-salk-media-package-6_16x9.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-561 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf Kahn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong Vi\u1ec7n Salk b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u y t\u1ebf Richards t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m Richards d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed c\u1edfi m\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i Salk. C\u0169ng \u1edf Pennsylvania, Kahn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng ti\u1ec7n \u00edch tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec di\u1ec5n ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean ho\u1eb7c d\u01b0\u1edbi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/anhxtanharch.files.wordpress.com\/2019\/11\/smiuvshcmnf4ldlkygjd4rnfna.jpg?w=1024\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-562 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong n\u0103m th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Vi\u1ec7n Salk m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Kahn v\u1eabn ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00ec. B\u00ea t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong khi m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ef9 Getty t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1ea5m g\u1ed7 t\u1ebfch trong khi v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 70% nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Salk v\u00e0 Kahn c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p Vi\u1ec7n duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p t\u1edbi n\u1eeda t\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i Nobel k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. V\u1edbi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf linh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian, Vi\u1ec7n Salk c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Louis Kahn (20\/2\/1901 &#8211; 17\/3\/1974) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u0129 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3626,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kien-truc-su"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3578"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3578\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oiox.vn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}